The female hormone, Medroxyprogesterone, also known as progesterone, is processed from progestin. Progestins cause changes in the uterus' inner lining (endometrium) to prepare for the secretory phase of a woman's menstrual cycle. Progestins ready the endometrium to receive the embryo, and when the embryo is successfully implanted, they also assist in sustaining the pregnancy and preventing miscarriage during the first trimester.
Progestins are one of the most common ingredients found in hormonal contraceptives, and administered in high doses, Medroxyprogesterone can prevent ovulation, and hence, pregnancy.
Medroxyprogesterone therapy is also prescribed for the treatment of amenorrhea (uncommon menstrual bleeding), and endometriosis (abnormal tissue growth outside the uterus). Medroxyprogesterone prevents endometriosis by checking the growth in the uterus' lining. It also stimulates the production of hormones in the uterus to regulate the menstrual cycle.
Medroxyprogesterone is likewise used to bring about menstruation for patients who have reached puberty but have not yet began to menstruate. It is also used to relieve menopausal symptoms. Medroxyprogesterone has also been found to lower the risk of uterine cancer in women undergoing estrogen therapy as treatment for menopause.
Patients taking Medroxyprogesterone are advised to avoid smoking, as this activity during medication may encourage the formation of blood clots. Eating too much salty food is also discouraged as salt promotes fluid retention and increases discomfort. This medication also causes photosensitivity, thus patients should avoid excessive exposure to sunlight, and to apply a sunscreen and don protective clothing when going outdoors.
Medroxyprogesterone has been classified by the FDA as Pregnancy Category C, and is contraindicated for pregnant women since it could impede the development of the fetus and cause genital abnormalities in the unborn child.
While Medroxyprogesterone may lower uterine cancer risk in menopausal patients simultaneously undergoing estrogen therapy, the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) has published a study showing that post-menopausal women aged 65 years and older who took a combination of oral estrogen with Medroxyprogesterone had a higher risk for acquiring dementia, a form of mental illness.
It has also been found that women aged 50 to 79 years who have been taking Medroxyprogesterone with estrogen increase their risk for stroke, breast cancer, heart attack, pulmonary embolism and blood clots.
Other contraindications for taking Medroxyprogesterone include patients with a bleeding or blood-clotting condition, patients who are suffering from cancers of the breast and uterus, or those who have gallbladder or liver disorders.
Patients should inform their doctor if they are allergic to Medroxyprogesterone, or if they are currently suffering from seizures or epilepsy, migraines, kidney or heart disease, diabetes, or asthma. These patients will require a different dosage of Medroxyprogesterone and constant monitoring during the course of treatment.
Patients are also advised to give their doctor a list of the other medications they are taking to avoid any adverse drug interactions with Medroxyprogesterone, and to determine whether a dosage adjustment is necessary.
Medroxyprogeterone can cause mild side effects like a change in appetite and weight, edema (swelling) of the hands and feet, changes in the menstrual cycle, development of acne, hair loss or increase of facial and body hair, depression, vaginal spotting, tenderness in the breast area, nausea, headaches, difficulty sleeping (insomnia), changes in the patient's voice, and darkening of some skin areas.
However, if the patient starts to experience an allergic reaction, shortness of breath, extreme headaches, blurry vision, numbness and tingling in the limbs, heavy vaginal bleeding, stomachaches, or yellowing of the eyes and skin, they should cease taking the medication and seek emergency medical attention immediately.
Medroxyprogesterone may cause diabetic patients to have difficulty controlling their blood sugar, thus it is necessary for diabetic sufferers to have their glucose levels constantly monitored and their diabetes medications adjusted.
Medroxyprogesterone is available by prescription under the brand names Provera, Curretab, Cycrin, and Amen. It comes in 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg tablets, and in sterile liquid suspension of 2.5 ml vials for intramuscular injection.
Oral Medroxyprogesterone is taken at the same time each day with a full glass of water, food or milk during set days of the regular menstrual cycle. Patients undergoing treatment for amenorrhea, endometriosis or irregular menstrual periods should remember that Medroxyprogesterone can control the symptoms of their condition but not cure it, and they should not cease taking the medication without first consulting their doctor.
Medroxyprogesterone has the following structural formula:
• Molecular formula of medroxyprogesterone is C22H32O3
• Chemical IUPAC Name is 17-acetyl-17-hydroxy-6,10,13-trimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, 15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
• Molecular weight is 344.488 g/mol
• Medroxyprogesterone available : 2.5mg tablets, 5mg tablets, 10mg tablets
Brand name(s): Amen, Aragest, Asconale, Clinofem, Clinovir, Colirest, Crinone, Curretab, Cycrin, Depo-Clinovir, Depo-Prodasone, Depo-Progestin, Farlutal, Farlutin, Gestapuran, Hematrol, Hydroxymethylprogesterone, Hysron, Indivina, Lunelle, Lutopolar, Lutoral, Medrossiprogesterone, Medroxiprogesterona, Medroxiprogesteronum, Medroxyprogesteron, Medroxyprogesteronum, Meprate, Nadigest, Nidaxin, Novo-Medrone, Oragest, Perlutex, Prodasone, Progestalfa, Progestasert, Progesterone, Progeston, Progevera, Prometrium, Provera, Proverone, Ralovera, Repromap, Repromix, Sirprogen, Sodelut G, Veramix
Review published on: 23 June 2008
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