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Glucagon recombinant review
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Glucagon recombinant is a type of polypeptide hormone produced from the actions of the alpha-cells of the pancreas. Its main action is to activate glycogenolysis; therefore increasing levels of blood glucose in the body. The action of the glucagon recombinant also causes a release of several hormones, and may also increase contractions of the cardiac muscles.
Glucagon recombinant may be administered via intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Glucagon recombinant is marketed under the trade names Glucagen or Glucagon emergency kit. Glucagon is primarily indicated for patients with severe hypoglycemic reaction, duodenal ulcer associated with H. Pylori, and may also be used as water replacement. It has also been used in tests for metabolizing carbohydrates and for beta-blocker overdose management.
One prefilled syringe of Glucagen contains 1mg of Glucagon. The usual recommended dosage for adults and children weighing more than 55 pounds is 1 mg/ml of glucagon. For children weighing less than 55 pounds, the dosage should be halved (1/2 ml).
There are very rare reports of severe side effects, however, the use of the drug may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, or even diarrhea.
Glucagon has been reported to cause tachycardia and hypertension, as it exerts positive inotropic and chronotopic effects. Hypokalemia or low levels of calcium in the body may be one of the severe side effects of the drug as it depletes glycogen storage in the body.
Some common side effects of the drug include allergic reactions such as hives, swelling of the face, lips, mouth and injection sites. Pain in the injection sites, numbness, redness and swelling of the skin and difficulty in breathing may also be some of the side effects of the drug.
Glucagon recombinant has a known interaction with anticoagulants such as Warfarin. Such interactions could be beneficial or may cause severe adverse effects.
To have glucagon recombinant work and reverse the effect of hypoglycemia, there must be adequate amounts of glucose storage in the liver, which is in the form of glycogen. Another note of caution is to give the patients supplemental carbohydrates as soon as they are able to swallow, to prevent hypokalemia and to aid the drug in treating hypoglycemia.
Glucagon is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components. It is also contraindicated in patients with below average levels of calcium stores in the body, and for patients diagnosed with Pheochromocytoma.
The administration of glucagon recombinant should be used with extreme caution if patients to be administered have insolinoma or similar conditions. The use of glucagon recombinant has been found to be ineffective in patients with severe known liver impairment, depleted glycogen stores (starvation), adrenal insufficiency and chronic hypoglycemia.
It is not known whether glucagon recombinant has adverse effects to the fetus. However, the use of the drug in pregnant women should always be consulted with the doctor. Nursing mothers, or women planning to breastfeed must first consult their doctor prior to the usage of the drug. The potential benefits of the drug must always be weighed against its risks to the nursing mother and infant.
• Molecular formula of glucagon recombinant is C165H249N49O51S1
• Molecular weight is 3767.1 g/mol
Brand name(s): Fragment, GlucaGen
Review published on: 17 August 2009
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