Ethinyl estradiol (EE) was derived from natural estradiol. EE is taken orally and it has become the estrogen used in virtually all modern formulations contraceptives like, the Pill.
Ethinylestradiol or EE was submitted to the American Food and Drug Administration fro approval and in 1943, its proposal was duly approved.
As a substance, estradiol is quickly absorbed when ingested orally. However, the liver quickly contradicts the estradiol and renders it inactive. Eventually, scientists solved this by introducing an ethinyl group that allowed estradiol to be more resistant to breakdown by the liver. This innovation enabled estradiol to be used as the key component of oral contraceptives.
As mentioned, ethinyl estradiol is ingested orally and is eventually absorbed in the small intestine. Its full effect is realized two hours after it is ingested. The ethinyl estradiol is eventually taken to the liver and undergoes extensive metabolism there. Due to the circulation of the bile and the consequent metabolism, there will be a second peak after seven hours.
ethinyl estradiol works by activating the estrogen receptors. Once bound to the estrogen receptor, it enters the nucleus, activates the DNA and induces the transcription of genes that are necessary for ordinary estrogen function. This also causes an inhibition of the testosterone levels. Moreover, its actions of activating the receptors aids in the processes that protect against osteoporosis.
By using ethinyl estradiol, the patient is able to supplement her lack of natural estrogen. This can help alleviate symptoms of menopause like hot flashes, chills, faintness or dizziness.
Eventually, it will be released by the patient through the urine or feces. By then it will be in the form of xenoestrogen.
Ethinyl estradiol is available in pill form in varying dosages.
Since it is imperative that the body maintain excellent balance in its hormones, it is necessary that you first consult your doctor before you start taking any hormone supplement like ethinyl estradiol.
However when ethinyl estradiol is intended for treating symptoms of menopause, adults are usually advised to take 0.025 mg of ethinyl estradiol once a day.
For people who want to prevent osteoporosis, ethinyl estradiol may be taken in 0.025 mg doses, once a day.
Since ethinyl estradiol is a hormone substitute and since its effects largely influences the menstrual and reproductive processes, it is not advisable for pregnant women to take it . It may alter the condition of the uterus and of the fetus.
Usually, women experience very mild side effects as a result of taking ethinyl estradiol. Some women may notice unusual vaginal discharge and they may also notice some discharge from their breasts. Moreover, they may feel tenderness in their breasts. There may also be an overall feeling of fatigue, dizziness and headache. The woman may also feel cramps in her abdomen.
If the side effects persist after a few weeks, you should contact your doctor immediately.
However, there is no need to worry since these side effects are usually temporary. It is only when ethinyl estradiol is taken for over a year that there comes more lasting side effects as well as increased risk for endometrial cancer.
Ethinyl estradiol has the following structural formula:
• Molecular formula of ethinyl estradiol is C20H24O2
• Chemical IUPAC Name is 17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H- cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
• Molecular weight is 296.403 g/mol
• Ethinyl estradiol available : 0.5 mcg tablets, 0.75 mcg tablets, 1mcg tablets
Generic name: Ethinyl estradiol
Brand name(s): Aethinyloestradiolum, Aethinyoestradiol, Alesse, Alora, Amenoron, Amenorone, Anovlar, Binovum, Brevicon, Brevinor, Climara, Conceplan, Cyclosa, Demulen, Desogen, Diane, Dicromil, Diprol, Dyloform, Ertonyl, Esclim, Esteed, Estigyn, Estinyl, Eston-E, Estopherol, Estoral, Estorals, Estrace, Estraderm, Estradiol, Estring, Estrogel, Estrogen, Ethidol, Ethinoral, Ethinyl-Oestranol, Ethinylestradiolum, Ethinylestriol, Ethinyloestradiol, Ethynylestradiol, Ethynyloestradiol, Eticyclin, Eticyclol, Eticylol, Etinestrol, Etinestryl, Etinilestradiol, Etinilestradiolo, Etinoestryl, Etistradiol, Etivex, Feminone, Fempatch, Follicoral, Genora, Ginestrene, Gynodiol, Gynolett, Halodrin, Inestra, Innofem, Jenest, Kolpolyn, Levlen, Linoral, Lo/Ovral, Loestrin, Logynon, Lynoral, Marvelon, Menolyn, Menostar, Mercilon, Microfollin, Microgynon, Mircette, Modicon, Necon, Nelova, Neo-Estrone, Neocon, Nogest-S, Norcept, Nordette, Norimin, Norinyl, Norlestrin, Novestrol, Oradiol, Orestralyn, Orestrayln, Ovcon, Ovex, Oviol, Ovral, Ovran, Ovranette, Ovysmen, Palonyl, Perovex, Primogyn, Prosexol, Spanestrin, Stediril, Synphase, Tetragynon, Thiuram E, Thiuranide, Trinordiol, Trinovum, Triphasil, Vagifem, Varnoline, Vivelle, Ylestrol
Review published on: 28 April 2008
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