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Dorzolamide review
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Dorzolamide is an ophthalmic solution that is classified as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. This drug was developed by University of Florida researchers with an action of lowering intraocular pressure for patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution is marketed as Trusopt Ophthalmic Solution. This drug is used for the treatment of patients diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension experiencing increased intraocular pressure.
The recommended dosage of Dorzolamide ophthalmic solution is one drop in the affected eye/s two to three times a day. Dorzolamide is a sterile, slightly viscous aqueous solution. Each mL of dorzolamide (Trusopt 2%) contains 20 mg dorzolamide (approximately 22.3 mg of dorzolamide hydrochloride). Dorzolamide ophthalmic drops contain inactive ingredients such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium citrate dehydrate, mannitol and water.
The dose is one drop of TRUSOPT Ophthalmic Solution in the affected eye(s) three times daily. TRUSOPT may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower intraocular pressure. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the drugs should be administered at least ten minutes apart.
The most common side effects reported for dorzolamide use have been a burning feeling in the eyes, stinging, and general pain or discomfort felt after immediate administration of the drops. Bitter taste has also been reported after administration of dorzolamide.
Superficial keratitis has also been reported along with allergic reactions, conjunctivitis, dryness of the eyes and photosensitivity. Skin rashes, throat irritations and allergies, fatigue and dizziness have been reported as least common side effects.
Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been reported to show acid-base and electrolyte disturbances, hence, general precaution on the use of anhydrase solution should be considered in patients receiving dorzolamide.
Although applied topically, Dorzolamide is considered a sulfonamide and hence it is absorbed systematically by the body, which in turn results in the same types of side effects/reactions with that of sulfonamides.
Trusopt is generally intended for patients with patients with open angle glaucoma experiencing increased intraocular pressure, hence it is not recommended for patients with acute-angle glaucoma. Patients suffering severe renal impairment are not recommended to take dorzolamide.
Dorzolamide should be stopped for use if the patient has experienced reactions such as allergies and conjunctivitis. Co-administration of dorzolamide and other oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is not recommended since there is a potential for increase in the known systemic effects of anhydrase inhibition.
Bacterial keratitis has been reported with the use of ophthalmic drops in multiple dose containers. This is due to the contamination made by most patients. Hence, ophthalmic drops are advised to be used in single-dose containers. Caution is to be exercised when using dorzolamide to patients with low endothelial cell counts.
Upon using dorzolamide along with other ophthalmic drops, the drops must be applied at least ten minutes apart. Dorzolamide contains benalkonium chloride which is absorbed by soft contact lenses. Prior to the administration of drozolamide, contact lenses should be removed, and reinserted after 15 minutes from the application of the drug.
There have been no tumor-related developments associated with the use of dorzolamide. Reproductive capability has not been reported to be affected by use of dorzolamide. Pregnant women should only use dorzolamide when the benefits outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.
Dorzolamide has the following structural formula:
• Molecular formula of dorzolamide is C10H16N2O4S3
• Chemical IUPAC Name is 2-ethylamino-4-methyl-5,5-dioxo-5$l^{6},7-dithiabicyclo[4.3.0] nona-8,10-diene-8-sulfonamide
• Molecular weight is 324.443 g/mol
Brand name(s): Trusopt
Review published on: 19 July 2009
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