Cyclophosphamide is a drug used for the treatment of various types of cancer. Aside from being a cytotoxic drug, Cyclophosphamide is immunosuppressive since it can suppress the immune system.
Cyclophosphamide is marketed under the brand name Cytoxan. It is available in tablet form as well as a powder used for intravenous injection. It is prescribed to individuals who are suffering from certain types of cancer such as ovarian, breast, and leukemia. It is also known to cure nephritic syndrome, an ailment of the kidneys among children.
The initial dosage of Cyclophosphamide is at least 40 mg injected in a stretch of 3-5 days divided in various doses. The usual dosage for oral use is 1-5 mg/kg per day. The dosage is then adjusted depending on the tumor’s response to the medication and its side effects.
Cyclophosphamide should be taken as prescribed by a physician. While using Cyclophosphamide, patients should drink more water and urinate more frequently. This should help the kidneys in removing the drug from the system and lowering the chances of occurrence of side effects.
Patients should not stop using Cyclophosphamide until the prescribed schedule of a physician, or even if they experience nausea or vomiting.
This drug usually works a month or two before producing positive results. The effects also hinge on the illness being treated.
One of the most common side effects is nausea. Doctors usually prescribe another medication to reduce this side effect.
Users may also experience bleeding and inflammation of the bladder wall, or haemorrhagic cystitis characterized by blood in the urine. To reduce the chances of this side effect, patients are advised to drink more water, preferably up to 10 glasses a day.
This drug can also have an effect on the blood count of the patient. It can also result to hair loss, irregular menstrual periods, and mouth ulcers. In case a patient develops these symptoms after using Cyclophosphamide, he or she should immediately inform a doctor.
Patients who came into close contact with a person with chicken pox are advised to stop using Cyclophosphamide and immediately consult a doctor. This case usually requires a special, antiviral treatment since chicken pox can be severe among people who are undergoing treatment with Cyclophosphamide.
Since Cyclophosphamide may affect the bladder and the blood, doctors may have to arrange for a blood and urine examination before allowing the patient to start treatment with Cyclophosphamide. Regular examinations are also required while the patient takes Cyclophosphamide. Patients should not take Cyclophosphamide unless they are undergoing regular blood and urine examinations.
Certain medications may interact negatively with other drugs. Patients should make it a point to inform their physicians if they are beginning to take new drugs while taking Cyclophosphamide.
Taking Cyclophosphamide may lead to a decrease in fertility among women and men; so young users are advised to use this medication with caution.
Pregnant women should never take this drug. Cyclophosphamide may also be passed on to infants so breastfeeding mothers should not take this medication.
Cyclophosphamide has the following structural formula:
• Molecular formula of cyclophosphamide is C7H15C12N2O2P·H2O
• Chemical IUPAC Name is 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino] tetrahydro-2H-13,2- oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide monohydrate
• Molecular weight is 279.1 g/mol
• Cyclophosphamide available : 25mg tablets, 50mg tablets
Brand name(s): Clafen, Claphene, Cyclophosphamid, Cyclophosphamidum, Cyclophosphan, Cyclophosphane, Cyclophosphoramide, Cyclostin, Cyklofosfamid, Cytophosphan, Cytoxan, Endoxan, Endoxan R, Endoxana, Endoxanal, Endoxane, Enduxan, Genoxal, Hexadrin, Lyophilized Cytoxan, Mitoxan, Neosar, Procytox, Semdoxan, Sendoxan, Senduxan, Zyklophosphamid
Review published on: 08 July 2009
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