Codeine is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain, for reducing fever, and for the treatment of coughs. Codeine is an opioid, which mimics the effect of endorphins, which are naturally occurring pain-reducing chemicals.
Some side effects of Codeine may include dizziness, light-headedness, feeling, faint, sleepiness, nausea or vomiting, vision disturbance, unusual tiredness or weakness, insomnia, constipation, stomach cramps, painful urination, redness or swelling at the place of injection, nightmares, a false sense of well-being, dry mouth, headache, or malaise. You may also experience the less common side effects of dark urine, bloody, black or tarry stools, white spots on lips or mouth, sore throat, pain in your lower back or side, jaundice, irregular heartbeat, restlessness, tremor or uncontrolled movements, sweating, irregular breathing, facial swelling, ringing in the ears, flushing, depression or mood swings, pale stools, or hallucinations. Taking too much Codeine can be dangerous, and you should get emergency help immediately if you experience cold or clammy skin, severe weakness, confusion, slow heartbeat, severe drowsiness, pinpoint pupils, low blood pressure, liver or kidney damage, or severe restlessness or nervousness.
Some medical problems may affect the way you use Codeine. Be sure to inform your doctor if you have a history of alcohol abuse or drug addiction, emotional problems, brain diseases or head injuries, lung diseases such as emphysema, enlarged prostate, asthma, epilepsy, low blood pressure, gallstones, colitis, heart disease, kidney or liver disease or a history of convulsions. If you have an under active thyroid, your chances are increased of having serious side effects. If you stop taking Codeine suddenly, you may experience withdrawal symptoms, including sweating, nausea, runny nose, severe fatigue, vomiting, pain, and depression.
There have been no conclusive studies done on whether or not analgesics such as Codeine are harmful to a pregnancy or to a developing fetus. Animal studies have shown that these medications can produce defects in animals, but only at very high rates of dosage. However, it is known that taking too much Codeine during pregnancy can cause the baby to born with an addiction to this medication, and if it is taken for pain relief during delivery, the baby might be born with breathing problems. Most drugs of this class do not cause problems for breastfeeding, unless the mother is taking large amounts, in which case the nursing baby might become addicted. If Codeine is given to children under the age of two, it may cause breathing problems. Other children may react with increased excitement or restlessness. Studies show that children should not be given extended-release Codeine tablets, and it should not be used at all in children under12. Elderly patients also show an increased sensitivity to the ingredients in Codeine, especially breathing problems, and should be closely monitored for adverse effects.
Codeine has the following structural formula:
• Molecular formula of codeine is C18H21NO3
• Chemical IUPAC Name is (5(,6()-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol
• Molecular weight is 299.364 g/mol
• Codeine available : 30mg capsules
Brand name(s): Codicept, Codicompren, Coducept, L-Codeine, Methylmorphine
Review published on: 24 May 2008
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