Cloxacillin is one effective antibiotic promising very good results without the risk of serious side effects. Like other drugs, there are interactions and effects to watch out for to ensure that patients stay healthy and safe.
Cloxacillin is the generic name of the semisynthetic antibiotic which belongs in the same class as penicillin. It also comes under brand names such as Cloxapen, Orbenin and Tegopen. The drug is primarily used against staphylococci bacteria that produce beta-lactamase. It has weaker antibacterial actions compared to benzylpenicillin and is less potent in causing toxic reactions.
Cloxacillin is highly useful in the treatment of various staphylococcus infections. It comes in the form of tablets and suspension. The medication is indicated for the treatment of respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, bone and joint infection and skin infection. Even infection sites like the heart and lungs can be treated with cloxacilln and in very severe cases, the drug may be administered intravenously.
Many side effects are associated with concurrent use of cloxacillin such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, white patches on the tongue, vaginal itching or discharge, black tongue and sore mouth. Serious side effects that need immediate medical attention include shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and facial or lip swelling from anaphylactic reactions, seizure, bruising, bleeding, water diarrhea, abdominal cramping, tingling or loss of sensation in the extremities, confusion coma and irritability. Cloxacillin overdose can also occur and manifest through symptoms like hallucination, encephalopathy, confusion, electrolyte imbalance and skin rash.
Individuals with history of kidney disease, gastrointestinal or stomach problems, infectious mononucleosis and heart disease should consult their doctor first before taking the drug. Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers need to be cautious as well. Diabetic patients may experience false positive results when taking glucose urine tests while on the drug. Cloxacillin may interact with various substances as well so take alcohol moderately and ask a physician first before taking drugs like erythromycin, tetracycline, birth control pills, allopurinol and methotrexate. Those with known hypersensitivity reactions to the drug should not take it.
The drug is absorbed then distributed to the kidneys, liver, bone, bile, pleural fluid, ascitic fluid and synovial fluid with some amounts into the CSF as well. 90% to 95% of the drug binds to plasma proteins. Its main action is to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to PBPs or penicillin-binding proteins. The result would be inhibition of transpeptidation phase of peptidoglycan synthesis in cell walls of bacteria which prevents biosynthesis of cell walls. Bacteria will then be engulfed, swallowed or destroyed as cell wall formation is disrupted.
A clinical study involved 18 patients who had skin infection caused by staphylococci. Half of the group was given 250 mg of cloxacillin every 6 hours for two weeks while the rest were provided with a placebo. After the first week, those on cloxacillin showed significant improvement in their skin and by the second week, 7 out of 9 were already showing signs being free from infection like absence of moisture and pus. None of those on placebo showed any improvement while 3 even had exacerbated symptoms like fever.
Cloxacillin is an over-the-counter or OTC drug which can easily be bought at any pharmacy, clinic or online drugstore. Check the expiry date, manufacturer and address to ensure that products are legitimate and authentic. When buying online, make sure that the source is existent and certified.
Cloxacillin should not be abruptly stopped even if individuals already feel better. Each dose should be taken with a full glass of water on an empty stomach around 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Avoid taking juice or carbonated drinks with the drug since these can reduce effectiveness.
Cloxacillin has the following structural formula:
• Molecular formula of cloxacillin is C19H18ClN3O5S
• Chemical IUPAC Name is 7-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-oxazol-4-yl]carbonylamino]-3,3-dimethyl-6- oxo-2-thia-5-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-4-carboxylic acid
• Molecular weight is 435.882 g/mol
• Cloxacillin available : 250mg tablets, 500mg tablets
Brand name(s): Clossacillina, Cloxacilina, Cloxacilline, Cloxacillinum, Cloxapen, Dycill, Dynapen, Pathocil, Syntarpen, Tegopen
Review published on: 18 March 2008
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