Beta-Retinoic Acid is a first-generation retinoid that Ligand gained FDA approval of in February 1999. It is also known as Panretin or Toctino, is an antineoplastic agent developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals.
"Panretin", is a gel used to treat people with skin lesions and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma; however, "Toctino", is a capsule used to treat patients with chronic hand eczema. Beta-Retinoic Acid is chemically related to Vitamin A and is a yellowish powder with a molecular formula of C20H28O2 and a molecular weight of 300.44.
The gel version of Beta-Retinoic Acid, should be applied two times a day to cutaneous KS lesions during the initial stages of treatment. You may apply the gel liberally in order to cover the lesion with a generous coating and then allow it to dry for three to five minutes before covering it with clothing. Avoid applying the gel on or near mucosal surfaces (nose, mouth, and eyes) of the body.
As for the capsule, it should be taken after every meal and swallowed whole. Dosage ranges from 10 milligrams to 30 milligrams once every day for twelve weeks (three months) to twenty-four weeks (six months) and will depend on the patient’s condition. Consult your doctor immediately if your body does not handle the recommended daily dose so that they may adjust your prescription.
Typical side effects of Panretin are itching, a burning sensation, and mild redness of the skin. Notify your doctor immediately for these less common side effects: cracking or oozing skin, blistering, stinging or tingling skin, peeling, swelling, rash, and severe redness. It's rare for patients under Panretin treatment to get a sunburn, but if you do, consult your physician as soon as possible.
The common side effects of the Toctino capsule include eye problems, eye inflammation or conjunctivitis, thyroid problems, decreased clotting or other blood cell disorders, flushing, muscle and joint pain, liver problems, dry skin, inflamed skin, and hair loss. Ask a pharmacist for eye drops if you need to continue Toctino treatment despite its eye-related side effects. It's recommended that you wear glasses instead of contacts while undergoing Toctino therapy.
Before taking Panretin, you must report to your healthcare specialist your medical history, including occurrences of tumors like lymphoma, skin conditions, and allergies. This medication has been known to induce sunburn, so you should wear sunscreen and protective clothing while undergoing Panretin treatment. Keep the treated areas of your skin away from sunlamps. Consult your pharmacist for any further queries and concerns.
Avoid taking Toctino if you are currently taking tetracycline (a type of antibiotic); if you are allergic to Beta-Retinoic Acid, other ingredients of Toctino, or any other retinoids such as isotretinoin; if you have very high levels of Vitamin A in your body; if you have untreated thyroid disease; if you have high blood fats such as raised triglycerides or high cholesterol; if you have severe kidney disease; and if you have liver disease.
Expecting mothers should avoid using either version of this medication (Panretin or Toctino) during pregnancy because it may harm their unborn baby once it's absorbed into the mother’s bloodstream. It is not known whether this medication passes into breast milk, so it's not advised for breastfeeding mothers to use this medication. Notify your doctor before using this medication while pregnant or breastfeeding.
Beta-retinoic acid has the following structural formula:
• Molecular formula of beta-retinoic acid is C20H28O2
• Chemical IUPAC Name is 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid
• Molecular weight is 300.435 g/mol
Generic name: Alitretinoin
Brand name(s): Avita, Beta-retinoic acid, Panretin, Panretyn, Panrexin, Renova, Retin-A, Retinoate, Retinoic acid, Trans-Retinoic acid, Tretinoin, Vesanoid, Vitamin A acid
Review published on: 20 November 2009
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