The cranial nerves are responsible for transmission of information to and from the brain. There are twelve pairs of these nerves, and they traverse the along the inferior surface of the brain. They exit through the foramina in the skull and innervate the receptive areas, such as the surrounding areas of the head, neck, and even the visceral organs within the trunk of the body.
The Structure and Function of the Cranial Nerves
2 pairs of the cranial nerves originate from the forebrain. The remaining 10 pairs originate from either the midbrain or the brainstem. Cranial nerves are designated an assigned Roman numeral to determine which one is which. The order which the cranial nerves are numbered is derived by their position along the brain, increasing toward the back of the brain. Each cranial nerve receives a name based on its primary function or the body part which it serves.
The majority of the nerves are considered to be mixed nerves while there are a few wayward nerves that are special, and are comprised only of sensory neurons. Sensory neurons have cell bodies, which lie just outside the brain, positioned within the ganglia.
The names of each specific cranial nerve was once assigned a simple acronymical phrase, “Finn and German viewed a hop,” until the eight cranial nerve was renamed from auditory to vestibulocochlear, and now the phrase, “On Old Olympus’ towering top, a fat vicious goat vandalized a hat,” has become the new mechanism of memory jolting.
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