Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of inflammatory arthritis. Typically it attacks the joints that link the vertebrates of the spine and the sacroiliac joints, the joints that link the spine and the pelvis. It has been known to migrate to other parts of the body, including the site of attachment for ligaments and tendons to bone, the joints between the ribs and the spine, the joints that run in the hips, feet, shoulders, and knees, and even sometimes the eyes. The inflammation caused by ankylosing spondylitis irritates the area enough that new bony growth develops, causing outcrops of bone in areas that it doesn’t belong, which can be very painful. The bony growths often fuse areas together, creating solid bone rather than a point of flexion. This can lead to difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen capacity as the rib cage fuses, rendering the lungs less useful as the rib cage refuses to yield and expand to incoming air. This chronic condition can lead to deformity and severe pain and loss of quality of life. Therapies are designed to help eliminate these potential secondary conditions.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a condition that morphs over time. Symptoms will change depending on the condition’s state, rate of formation, and may waiver in intensity from time to time. Patients often feel like they are getting better one month only to feel like they have worsened the next. Early symptoms include pain and stiffness in the lower back or hips that often worsens after a night of sleep or after significant periods of inactivity. Stiffness and pain are likely to migrate as the disease progresses, often affecting the entire back and even the neck. When patients begin experience the same pain and stiffness in other, unrelated joints, it is typically a sign that the disease has spread to other areas of the body.
During more advanced stages of the disease, patients may experience chronic stooping, an inability to flex the spine, fatigue, restricted ability to take a deep breath and expand the chest, weight loss usually accompanied by a lack of appetite, bowel inflammation and other bowel problems, and eye inflammation.
There is no known cause of ankylosing spondylitis. In some cases, a genetic issue might lead to an answer. Patients with the gene known as HLA- B27 seem to have a substantially higher risk than those without the gene.
The most noticeable risk factor for the development of ankylosing spondylitis is in the genes. Those with the gene, those under 40 years old with a relative with the disease, and those with other bone issues like early onset osteoporosis may develop the disease. However, those who are over 40 with a family member already diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis are at a decreased chance of developing the disease. Every year that passes without the development of the disease, the likelihood diminishes even more.
Diagnosis often takes several trips to sometimes numerous physicians. In the early stages of the disease, the chief complaint is back pain and stiffness, which can be caused by anything from mild strains to sleeping on a poor quality mattress. In any case, it may take awhile for the cause of the back pain (the number one health problem in the United States) to be linked to anything serious until the disease has progressed and there are additional symptoms to report.
X-rays and additional imaging processes may help to determine the cause of the discomfort. Blood tests can sometimes help reveal the source of inflammation, although not always. Once the disease has begun to develop to the point of bony growths and deformations, it becomes obvious which disease the physicians and the victim are dealing with. Unfortunately at this time, it takes that long before a definitive diagnosis can be rendered. Many patients are misdiagnosed for several years with other less serious ailments.
The complications which are likely to set in from ankylosing spondylitis are life affecting and can even cause loss of the quality of one’s life. Difficulty walking and standing are common, as is difficulty breathing. Lung infections and heart problems usually follow after a patient has begun to decline their ability to walk effectively without support.
There are a host of medications that can help alleviate the symptoms associated with this disease. Unfortunately, none of the medications will offer a cure. In most instances, patients and physicians work to find a combination of drugs that help to deal with symptoms and manage pain. Corticosteroids are often prescribed for flare ups, either orally or via injection, NSAID pain relievers, and disease modifying antirheumatic medications are the most common forms of treatment.
Find out more by viewing the Human Anatomy page:
Skeletal System
Medication commonly used for these disease:
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Combaren is a medication that is made from a combination of codeine and declofenac. It is a pain reliever, and is also used to relieve swelling and inflammation, stiffness of the muscles and joints, such as that caused by arthritis and gout, pain after s more...
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Kenalog, which is generically prescribed as triamcinolone topical, is commonly used to treat inflammation of the skin. Kenalog is most commonly used to treat inflammation caused by allergic reactions, psoriasis, eczema, and in the dental form is used to t more...
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Nasacort AQ, which is generically prescribed as triamcinolone nasal, and is commonly used to treat the nasal symptoms of allergies. Nasacort is considered a steroid. This medication prevents the chemicals in the body that create inflammation from being pr more...
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Nasacort is also known as Nasacort AQ and TriNasal and generically known as triamcinolone nasal. This medicine is a steroid that will prevent the inflammation in the nasal cavity that occurs from seasonal and other allergic reactions. This medication bec more...
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Relafen can be generically prescribed as nabumetone and is commonly used in the treatment of pain and inflammation caused by arthritis. Relafen is part of the family of medications known as NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. more...
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Indocin is a brand name for the generic drug indomethacin. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, used to relieve the pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, arthritis of the spine, bursitis, tendoniti more...
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Naprosyn, which is generically prescribed as naproxin, is commonly used to treat joint inflammation caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, injury, surgery, or other causes. Naprosyn is part of the family of medications known as NSAIDs, also known more...
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Celebrex is a brand name for the generic drug celecoxib. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, used in the treatment of several different serious conditions, including the relief of symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in more...
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Acetylsalicylic Acid, commonly known as Aspirin, is used for a variety of medical conditions. It has analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties that are useful in relieving a handful of aches and pains, fever, inflammation, an more...
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Indomethacin is an NSAID. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that was marketed worldwide under the trade names Indocin, Indocin SR, Indocid, and Indochron ER among others. It is primarily used to alleviate pain, swelling, stiffness, and tenderness cau more...
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Ankylosing spondylitis
